Many young people are unaware of the risks linked to sexual behaviour, making it essential to be well-informed to avoid unhealthy practices that pose health risks. A 2021 study found that 30% of secondary school students had engaged in sexual intercourse, with 48% not using a condom during their last encounter, only 9% tested for HIV, and 5% for STIs in the past year. This data underscores the need for education to promote safe sexual practices. Additionally, 20% of new HIV diagnoses were among 13–24-year-olds, and over 145,000 infants were born to adolescent females in 2021.
Health effects of sexual behaviour
There are different health risks when it comes to sexual behaviour. But the good news is that these risks can be managed. Risks related to sexual behaviour are unintended pregnancies, STIs (sexually transmitted infections), including HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), cervical and genital cancer and herpes.
Unhealthy sexual behaviour
Having more than one sexual partner will increase your chances for sexual risks. It is advisable to only have one sexual partner at a time. Not using a condom during sexual intercourse will increase your chances of contracting sexual risks like STIs and HIV. Using a condom during sexual intercourse will protect you against STIs and HIV when having sex with a contaminated person. It is also advisable to be open with your partner and ask them if they are sexually active with other people before you decide to have sexual intercourse.
Reasons for high-risk sexual behaviour
People may have high-risk sexual behaviour because they are not aware of or understand the concern of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). Some people do not talk about safe sex options with their partners which can also lead to high-risk sexual behaviour. Some people might not be aware of the symptoms of STIs, which will lead to them seeking medical advice when the disease has already progressed. It might also be that people do not have the funds for treatment of STIs or access to medical facilities. Most young people experiment with drugs and alcohol which impairs their judgement and leads to unsafe sex.
Condoms and safe sex
Condoms are the best option for safe sex, offering protection from unwanted pregnancies, STIs, and HIV when used correctly. Ensure you choose a reliable brand, check the expiry date, and use water-based lubricant, as petroleum-based products can weaken condoms. Old condoms may dry and crack, reducing effectiveness. Always put the condom on before any genital contact for maximum protection
Having more than one sexual partner
Having unprotected sex with only one partner is considered safer than having unprotected sex with an unfamiliar person, even if it was only once. The chances of getting STIs during that one time of unprotected sex with an unfamiliar person are high.
